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考研英语阅读题库笔记连载(一)

  • 发布时间:2020-11-13 05:31:36

Text 1

        When it comes to the slowing economy, EllenSpero isn’t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’tcutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either. Most ofher clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customerssuddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I’m a goodeconomic indicator,” she says. “I provide a service that people can do withoutwhen they’re concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shoppingat middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “Idon’t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too.” she says.

        Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission thatAmerica’sred-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of theslowdown themselves. spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percentof their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach iscoming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percentfrom last year’s pace. But don’t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem onlymildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about theeconomy’s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.

        Consumers say they’re not in despair because,despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Homeprices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there’s a new goldrush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed byWall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran . In San Francisco, prices are still rising evenas frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you onlyget two or three,” says John Tealdi , a Bay Area real-estate broker. And mostfolks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.

        Many folks see silver linings to thisslowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates.  Employers wouldn’t mind a little fewer bubblesin the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-marketswings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom.Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan’s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurantused to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still beworth toasting.

 

【第一段】

第一句:When it comes to the slowingeconomy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet. 当提到这减速的经济时,ES没有不知所措。

1.When it comes to__名词(组)____,主谓

Reading完型:

①引出全文主旨

翻译:当提及时,

      当谈到时,

Writing:when it comes to__题目___, opinions vary .some tend to claim that _______,whereas othersmay contend that______当提及时,不同人有不同的观点。一些人认为,另一些人认为

Contendv.认为,主张

In myopinion ,______  

过于口语化

Asfar as I am concerned,______

全国模板/普及

I amstrongly convinced that______.我坚信

重要补充:

be convinced that ______   相信

1The scientists have been convinced that_____科学家一直相信

2they are convinced that_________他们相信

hold/claim/assert/argue/contend v.主张,认为

Contractn./a. 相反的

Recordv./n.

写作例句:一些人认为_____,另一些人认为______.

Whilemany might hold that_____ ,others seem to assert that________.

注:while ____句子1___,句子2_____

seem to/tend to/may/might,专用于主谓之间,制造抽象的感觉

注:主谓….

→主(插入)谓

4种:

1)从句

2-ed…

   -ing…

   to…         定语

   adj….

   prep…

3tend to/seem to/may/might/can/could

4)双逗号结构/双破折号结构

some peoplesome

Manypeoplemany

Fewpeoplefew

2.slowing/falling/fading/declining

Reading:

slowing economy 减速的经济/放缓的经济

Slowdownn.经济的减速

Accelerationn.经济的加速

falling 日益下跌,越来越低

Fallv./n.下跌,下降    rise n./v.上涨

Fallingcosts 日益下跌的支出

Costn.支出,花费

Fallingcommunication and transportation costs 日益下跌的交通和通讯支出

fade v.逐渐消失;褪色

Dyen.染色

2010英语二作文:

日本汽车行业逐渐消失的竞争力

Thefading competitiveness of Japanese auto industry 

Fadingdistinction between socialism and capitalism

Differencen.区别

decline v./n.婉拒;衰退,走下坡路

Onthe decline 正在走下坡路

MITis now on the decline ,whereas BIT is now on the rise.麻省理功大学正在走下坡路,而北京理工大学正在走上坡路。

Globaleconomic decline 全球经济衰退

Decliningadj.走下坡路的

Adeclining industry走下坡路的行业

Autoindustry汽车行业

Textileindustry纺织行业

Bankingindustry银行业

Writing:

Thisis an explosive situation for any society ,particularly a developing one.对任何一个社会;来说,这是一种严峻的形势,尤其对一个发达的国家。   declining

Explodev.爆炸

Blastn.爆炸

Explosionn.爆炸

重要补充:rising/growing/soaring/increasing

rising living costs日益上涨的生活支出

Fallingtransportation costs日益下跌的交通支出

Risingconcern越来越关注

写作例句:幸运的是,今天人们越来越关注这种令人痛心的现象。

Risingconcern ,fortunately ,has been given today to such an upsetting phenomenon.

growing

Growingcompetitiveness of emerging economies vs. fading competitiveness of U.S economy新兴经济体与日俱增的竞争力vs.美国经济逐渐消失的竞争力

Emergev.出现

Emergingcountries 新兴国家

Growingthreat of global warming 全球气候变暖的越来越大的威胁

Growingthreat of haze and smog 雾霾问题越来越大的威胁

soaring adj.激增的

Soarv.剧增,激增

Soaringhealth budget 激增的医疗卫生的预算

WHO=worldhealth organization

Health=healthcare=caren.医疗卫生

Soaringhome prices激增的房价

an increasing number of people 越来越多的人

=peoplein mounting numbers

mount

youngstersin mounting numbers越来越多的年轻人

Chinesein mounting numbers越来越多的中国人

3.biteone’s nails=scratch one’s head 不知所措,束手无措

bitev.

Nailn.指甲

Scratchv./n.搔,挠,抓

Whenit comes to 不好的事 sb. isn’tbiting one’s nails just yet.

补充:

have a zzz=noisily doze off 呼噜呼噜地睡着了

Dozeoff 瞌睡

put computers in the classroom 多媒体教学

例:The author thinks the present rushto put computers in the classroom is far-reaching.作者认为现在的多媒体教学热意义深远。

Presentn./adj.当前的,现在的

Atpresent 现在

Inthe past     at present   in the future

过去          现在       将来

Rushn.狂热,热

Therush to go abroad出国热

Therush to learn English学英语热

Therush to put computers in the classroom多媒体教学热

put pen to paper=write付诸笔端,写作

例:When you put pen to paper during atest ,try to seek an elevated tone.当你在考试时,

Elevatedtone 有高度的语言

有高度的 语言

Elevatorn.电梯

Mothertone 母语

Nativetone 母语

4.not…justyet 尚未,还没有

Already已经

:Many have not come to realize theseverity of such a grim trend just yet.许多人还没有意识到这种糟糕趋势的严峻性。

Manypeople=many

Manycustomers=many

Cometo realize =realized

Asyet 到目前为止(专门用语含否定词的句子里)

Sofar 到目前为止

5.…lestshould +动词原形(虚拟语气)  以免

 

第二句:But the 47-year-old manicuristisn’t cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she’d like to, either.但是47岁的美甲师没有剪她喜欢的那么多指甲。

1.超纲词为名词时,怎么样根据上下文推理?

①该超纲的名词前面往往有the/this/these/such等。

如:the 47-year-old manicurist she

②该超纲的名词前面或后面往往有其近义词或者反义词。

2.Indulgencen.放纵,纵容

Indulgentadj.放纵的

Permissiveadj.纵容的

Permitv.允许

Dozeoff 瞌睡

Havea zzz呼噜呼噜地睡着了

3.并列结构

_______,______,or______

_______,______,and_____

_____or_____

_____and____

Butthe 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting ,filing or polishing

4.比较结构

Not …asmany…as…

例:郑州大学doesn’t have as many studentsas 天津大学。郑州大学的学生没有天津大学多。

5.barbern.美发师

Manicuristn.美甲师

6.cutv.剪,切

Filev.磨,用锉磨 n.文件夹 ;锉

Polishv.抹油油,磨光,打蜡

 

第三句:Most of her clients spend $12 to$50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up.她的大多数客户每周花12-50美元,可是上周有两个长期客户突然没出现了。

1.     对立对比关系

①句子1but句子2.

       While

       Whereas (见059

While 句子1,句子2.

Whereas

Though

Although(见0712

 

2.      client

customer      

shopper        n.顾客,客户

buyer

patron

patronize v.光临,惠顾

 

3.      ★多变化:

   用词多变化:例子:cartoon/drawing/image/illustration/picture  漫画

   句式多变化:

基本句式:  主谓

↓升级    

长难句式:3大类14

Ⅰ、主+(插入)+

插入成分:4

1)从句               

2)              -ed…

人(Who is     -ing…

物(which is   to …                     

                 adj …

                  prep…

3)tend to

seem to

   may/might等情态动词

4)双逗号结构/双破折号结构

例:主,however,

主,as isknown to all,谓

Ⅱ、主+(补充)

2种:

1) 从句

2)                 -ed…

人(Who is       -ing…

物(which is      to …                     

                    adj …

                    prep…

变异、主+,补充

4

1)从句

2)                 -ed…

                   -ing…      

                    to …                          

                    adj …

                    prep…

3)独立主格结构

4)名词(组)-----同位语

Ⅲ、引导,主+

4

1)从句

2)                 -ed…

                   -ing…      

                    to …                          

                    adj …

                    prep…

3) 独立主格

4) 副词:indeedmoreovermeanwhile

 

英语句型:  基本句型

三大类14

特殊句型:倒装句/强调句/祈使句/It形式主语/特殊用法(省略)

 

4.show up 出现

 Emerge v.出现

   Emergecountries 新兴国家

    Emergeeconomies 新兴经济体

 

第四句:Spero blames the softening economy. Spero把这种情况归咎于疲软的经济。

1.blame v.指责,责备;归咎于,把原因归为

Owe …to…

例:

1She owed the accident to her negligence.她把这次事故归咎于疏忽。

2High achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.高成就的人把成功归咎于后天的栽培。

Nurturev/n.栽培,养育

Nutritionn.营养

Feedback n/v.反馈

3According to the author ,the department store in the19th century owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.作者19世纪百货商店的出现归因于消费文化。

Consumption n.消费 consume v.消费

Have nosignificant impact on…没有重大影响。。

Havesignificantimpact on…有重大影响

Attribute… to…

2.多变化:

The softeningeconomy

The slowingeconomy

The economy iscooling

The slowdown

这疲弱/减速/降温的经济

 

第五句:“I’m a good economic indicator,” she says.

1.      引号的用法★:

Reading:除非有明确的证据,引号里面的内容不读。

Writing:必须用上

例:“。。。。。。。”notes Dr. Niu Niu ,a 47-year-old sociologyprofessor at Fudan University. 直接引语//倒装句//倒装句

 

第六句:So Spero is downscaling, shopping atmiddle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus.

1.      句子,ing…

当一个主语作了2个或2个以上的动作时,其中一个动作用ing形式,另一个动作作谓语。

例:今天早上,她早早地起床,匆匆去了机场。

She got up earlymorninggoing to the airport hurriedly.

Getting up earlythis morning she went to the airport hurriedly.

2.      downscale v.缩小规模

down 向下 scale n. 规模

3.      department store超市

supermarket百货商店

4.      suburb n.郊区

5.      instead of…而不是

 

 

【第二段】

第一句:Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission thatAmerica’s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seensigns of the slowdown themselves.即使艾伦.格林斯潘(官方)承认美国经济过热降温之前,很多工薪阶层已经发现了经济减速的信号。

1.      Even before….,主+…     即使。。。

       

引导(不看)

4种:

1)从句

2)                 -ed…

                   -ing…      

                    to …                          

                    adj …

                    prep…

3)独立主格结构

4)副词:indeedmoreovermeanwhile

2.      folks=people n.人们

3.      sign n.迹象,兆头

 

例:瑞雪 is a good sign for 丰年。

Sign of recovery 恢复的迹象

Sign of theslowdown 经济减速的迹象

区别:

Signal n.信号

Message n.信息,短信 send a message

4.      admission n.允许进入;承认  admit v.承认

例: free admission 免费进入

No admission 禁止进入

Denial n.否认    deny v.否认

5.      Alan Greenspan艾伦.格林斯潘 the former Chairman of the U.S. FederalReserve美联储前主席

6.the economy isred-hot经济过热

The economycooling/softening/slowing经济放缓

 

第二句:From car dealerships to Gap outlets, saleshave been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending.从汽车经销商到Gap商店,销量数月以来徘徊不前,因为买东西的人减少了花费。

1.      lag v/n.拖后腿 leg n.

2.      现在完成进行时

Have been –ing

Has been  -ing

写作:例:Recently ,people in mounting numbers havebeen surfing the internet all day long.

3.as/since/for/because+句子因为/由于

4.shopper n.购物的人   shopping n.购物

5.temper one’sspending v.减轻,缓解花费

temper one’s idealv.减轻某人的理想

6.      car dealership n.汽车经销商

例:Audi dealership 奥迪经销商

Porsche dealership保时捷经销商

Toyota dealership 丰田经销商

7.Gap outlet Gap 商店

 

第三句:For retailers, who last year took in 24percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautiousapproach is coming at a crucial time.对零售商来说,去年年收入的24%是在圣诞节和感恩节期间,小心谨慎的方式来得真不是时候。

1.      For sb.,主+对某人来说

例:For meEnglish ispretty difficult.学英语对我来说很难。

2.      retail n./v.零售

retail sales

retailer n.零售商

3.      revenue n.()收入

budget n./v.支出=cost=spend

4.      cautious adj.小心谨慎的

例:caution slippery 小心地滑

5.      approach n.方式,方法 v.靠近/接近

例:the scientific approach 科学的方法

The crude approach粗放的方法

The intensiveapproach 深入细致的方法

6.      crucial adj.关键的

7.      …is coming at a crucial time …来的真(不)是时候

 

第四句:Already, experts say, holiday sales are off7 percent from last year’s pace.

1.      holiday sales 专家说,假期销售额比去年下降了7%

2.      ★总分结构

总结/总述/概括

    分述1开点的人

    分述2零售商

    分述3假期销售额

四个句子讲了一句话

 

第五句:But don’t sound any alarms just yet..尚未听到任何警报。

1.      not…just yet尚未,还没有

2.      sound v./n./adj. 声音/听起来/好的

例:environmentally sound环境美好

physically soundbut intellectually poor头脑简单,四肢发达

cognitivelysound/poor在认知方面好的/不好

recognize v.认出

 

第六句:Consumers seem only mildly concerned, notpanicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-termprospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening.消费者只表现温和的关切,没有恐慌,他们对经济保持长期的乐观,即使当他们适度勒紧腰带时。

1.      mild adj.温和的 wildadj.野生的

2.      concern n./v.担忧,关切

例:rising concern fortunatelyhas beengiven today to the issue of haze and smog.雾霾问题越来越引起人们的关注。

3.      panic n./v.恐慌

feel panicked感到恐慌

feel concerned感到关切

many=many people

Many seem toassert that___________while others tend to argue that_________.

Assert v.

Argue v.

Claim v.

Contend v.        认为

Hold v.

Insist v.

Maintain v.

4.      remain optimistic保持乐观

remain optimisticabout….保持乐观

5.      long-term prospect n.前景

long-term effectn.长期影响

long-termdevelopment n.长期发展

6.      even as=even when即使当

as if/as though仿佛,好像

7.      tighten v.勒紧

tighten the belt勒紧腰带

tighten thecontrol加强控制

tighten thecontrol over the press加强对新闻媒体的控制

the press新闻媒体

8.      modest adj.中等的,适度的;谦虚

the educated 受教育的人

the highlyeducated受过高等教育的人

the modestlyeducated受过中等教育的人

the poorly educated    受过低等教育的人

higher education高等教育

high school高中

secondary school初中

primary school小学

9.     diligent勤奋

hit a plateau达到高潮 hit v.达到  plateau n.高原

slacken off懈怠

 

第二段:当一个国家经济,

slowing                      temper one’s spending

softening                     downscale

cooling                      do some modest belt

slowdown时,人们就会       the cautions approach

可是,人们的态度:

not panicked 没有恐慌

not bite one’s nails没有不知所措

not in despair没有绝望

seem mildlyconcerned温和的关切

remain optimisticabout long-term prospect对长期前景保持乐观态度

 

 

【第三段】

第一句:Consumers say they’re not in despairbecause, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel prettygood .

1.Despite名词(组),主+…            尽管,虽然

In spite of 名词(组),主+

Given名词(组),主+

2.headlines n.新闻标题;媒体报道

the press新闻媒体

tighten thecontrol over the press加强对新闻媒体的控制

mass media 大众媒体

3.      dreadful adj.可怕的 dead

sign of recovery复苏的迹象

sign of breakdown 跌停的迹象

4.      in despair在绝望中

desperate adj.绝望的

despair n.绝望

live in despair在绝望中

inspire v.激励 inspire sb. to do

spirit n.精神

5.      fortune n.财产,财富

Fortune 500财富世界500

Fame and fortune名声和财产

6.      pretty

fairly

rather    相当

quite

very

 

第二句:Home prices are holding steady in mostregions.

1.      Home prices房价

Soaring homeprices房价上升

2.      hold steady保持稳定

remain optimistic保持乐观

 

第三句:In Manhattan, “there’s a new gold rushhappening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by WallStreet bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran

1.broker n.经纪人,中介,中间人

real estate broker房产中介

2.gold rush 淘金热,狂热

the rush to abroad出国热

the rush to learnEnglish学英语热

idiom n.成语

3.句子,(补充).

2种:

1)从句

2)-ing…

-ed…

To…

Adj…

Prep…

4.range n.范围

range from …to…

5. +,补充

4

1)从句

2)                 -ed…

                   -ing…      

                    to …                          

                    adj …

                    prep…

3)独立主格结构

4)名词(组)-----同位语

6. predominantly

Primarily       主要地

Chiefly

Mainly

7.feed v.喂养 food n.食物

例:In New Yorkan averagestudent spends 50 dollars weeklypredominantlyfed by the government.在纽约,一个一般的学生每周花费50美元,这个钱主要由政府提供。

8.stock n.股票

Stock price 股价

Stock exchange 股票交易

Stock marketswings 股市波动

9.No investing ,noharvesting.不投资,无回报

10.  bonus n.红利,股息

 

第四句:In San  Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenziedoverbidding quiets.

1.      even as=even when 即使当

2.      quiet adj.安静的 v.安静下来

3.      bid n./v.出价,竞标overbid 过高出价

4.      frenzied=crazy adj.狂热的

 

第五句:“Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe youonly get two or three,” says John Tealdi , a Bay Area real-estate broker.一个海湾地区的房地产中介John Tealdi说:你现在不是得到20-30个报价,而只是2-3个报价

1.      bay n.海湾 Penghubay澎湖湾

2.      Instead of____________,+…..不是而是

3.      offer v.提供;报价

 

第六句:And most folks still feel prettycomfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.人们对找到和保持一份工作感到很有把握。

1.     feelpretty comfortable about one’s ability to do sth感到很有把握。

 

第三段:causes of consumers’ not being desperate inface of the slowdown.对经济的减速时不绝望的原因。

 

 

【第四段】

第一句:Many folks see silver linings to thisslowdown.

1.      folks=people n.人们

townsfolk 乡民

2.      silver linings 不幸中的万幸,坏事里的好事

silver n. gold n. bronze n.

line n.线 lane n.

lag v.拖后腿 leg n.

every cloud hasits silver linings.

 

第二句:Potential home buyers would cheer for lowerinterest rates.

1.      Potential home buyers潜在买房人

Home prices房价

Home buyers买房人

Potential adj.潜在的Potential competitor 潜在竞争对手competev.竞争

2.      cheer v.欢呼;举杯庆祝

cheer sb. on…为某人加油

3.      interest rates 利率

inflation n.通胀

birth rate 出生率

crime rate 犯罪率

death rate 死亡率

survival rate生还率

 

当一个国家经济slowdown时,许多人们看到了?

    利率lower→买房的人:cheer

    泡沫fewer→雇主们:wouldn’t mind

    股市swings→投资者:view as

总分结构:4个句子一个意思

 

第三句:Employers wouldn’t mind a little fewerbubbles in the job market.

1. bubble n.泡沫,泡泡

2. a little+比较结构稍微

例:老大 is a little taller than 老二。老大与老二差不多。

A good deal

A great deal                        +比较级    更加

Much

Far=a long way=way

例:But the sources of distrust go way deeper.不信任的根源深刻的多。

                          Are far

                          A long way

 

第四句:Many consumers seem to have been influencedby stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to asustained boom.

1.      swing v./n.波动

fluctuate v.波动   fluctuation n波动fluctuating crude oil price 波动的原油价格

2.      investor n.投资的人

No investing ,noharvesting.

3.      view as=see as 视为,看做

4.      ingredient n.成分,组成部分=element=component=part

例:English is a necessary ingredient to 硕士研究生考试。英语是硕士研究生考试的必要组成部分。

5.      sustained boom 持久的繁荣

sustained持久的

sustained effort 持久的努力

sustainedconcentration持久的注意力

sustainabledevelopment 可持续发展

 

第五句:Diners might see an upside, too.吃货也看到了好的方面。

1.      Diner n. 吃货

dinner晚饭

lunch午饭

breakfast早饭

2.      too

许多人see_________

Dinerssee__________,too.

an upside= silverlinings

upside=positive    adj.积极的

negative adj. 消极的

 

第六句:Getting a table at Manhattan’s hot newAlain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible.在过去,在曼哈顿的饭店吃上一桌是不可能的

1.      used to=once 在过去,曾经

2.      get a table at…吃上一桌

例:get a table at Beijing Hotel在北京饭店吃上一桌

3.      主语:动名词/不定式/从句/It形式/名词/代词

 

第七句:Not anymore.

1.      Not anymore

Not any longer

Not any more      不再

No more

No longer

常用在used to/once曾经,过去的后一句,表示现在状况,与过去形成强烈逆转。

 

第八句:For that, Greenspan & Co.may still be worth toasting.格林是潘和他的同伴们真应该喝两盅庆祝庆祝。

1.     company n.公司;伙伴,陪伴

accompanyv.陪伴

2.toast n./v.吐司面包;烘,焙;干杯

 

题目中的考点:

1.      be not biting one’s nails just yet=be notin despair (desperate)=not panicked 同意替换

2.      be engaged in忙于。。。

3.      grown out of one’s habits=kill off克服某人的习惯

4.      optimistic adj.乐观的   optimism n.乐观

5.      be confused=be puzzled=be perplexed  adj.感到困惑不解

6.      carefree=indifferent adj.不在乎的,不关心的,冷漠的   indifferencen.不关心,不在乎

7.      venture investment 风险投资

8.      benefit n./v.利益,好处

9.      sign n.迹象,兆头 v.签字

10.  precede v.发生在之前  track/follow  v.随后

11.  enhance v.提高 enhancethe purchasing power 提高购买力

12.  purchase v.购买

13.  possible=likely可能

14.  horizon n.地平线 on thehorizon

15.  tighten v.加强,勒紧

16.  remedy n./v.

cure  n./v.          治疗,疗法

therapy n./v.

treatment n.

17.caution n.小心谨慎   cautious adj.小心谨慎的


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